{"id":1413,"date":"2016-08-30T09:57:54","date_gmt":"2016-08-30T09:57:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.digitalforensicscorp.com\/blog\/?p=1413"},"modified":"2024-12-11T19:00:10","modified_gmt":"2024-12-11T19:00:10","slug":"os-x-system-keychain-forensic-analysis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.digitalforensics.com\/blog\/software\/os-x-system-keychain-forensic-analysis\/","title":{"rendered":"OS X System Keychain Forensic Analysis"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>As you know, OS X Keychain system consists of three files: system keychain\u00a0(\/Library\/Keychain\/System.keychain), user keychain (~\/Library\/Keychain\/login.keychain) and iCloud keychain (~\/Library\/Keychains\/&lt;PlatformUUID&gt;\/keychain-db2.db). Today we are going to talk about the first one &#8211; system keychain.<!--more--><\/p>\n<p>The most interesting <a href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalforensics.com\/\">digital forensics<\/a> artifacts from this keychain are the Wi\u2011Fi SSIDs and keys, which can help an examiner determine the first connection time and the last key\u2011modification time for a wireless access point. Of course, the data in System.keychain is encrypted, but there are some tools, both commercial and open source, capable of decrypting it. One of them is Chainbreaker developed by n0fate Forensic Lab.<\/p>\n<p>You can use it both on OS X and Windows workstation. To decrypt system keychain with Chainbreaker, we&#8217;ll need the master key. Where can an examiner get it? The answer is &#8211;\u00a0SystemKey file. You can find it in\u00a0\/private\/var\/db. The key isn&#8217;t encrypted. All you need is copy and paste 24 bytes master key &#8211; it&#8217;s\u00a0a 24byte DES key(192 bits):<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1414\" src=\"https:\/\/www.digitalforensicscorp.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/master_key_weare4n6.png\" alt=\"master_key_weare4n6\" width=\"868\" height=\"448\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.digitalforensics.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/master_key_weare4n6.png 868w, https:\/\/www.digitalforensics.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/master_key_weare4n6-300x155.png 300w, https:\/\/www.digitalforensics.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/master_key_weare4n6-768x396.png 768w, https:\/\/www.digitalforensics.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/master_key_weare4n6-512x264.png 512w, https:\/\/www.digitalforensics.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/master_key_weare4n6-16x8.png 16w, https:\/\/www.digitalforensics.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/master_key_weare4n6-32x17.png 32w, https:\/\/www.digitalforensics.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/master_key_weare4n6-28x14.png 28w, https:\/\/www.digitalforensics.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/master_key_weare4n6-56x29.png 56w, https:\/\/www.digitalforensics.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/master_key_weare4n6-64x33.png 64w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 868px) 100vw, 868px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Figure 1. The master key (highlighted)<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Now we&#8217;ve got all we need to decrypt system keychain with Chainbreaker. Start the app (we use OS X version), right-click Keychains pane and choose Add New Keychain File. Now\u00a0System.keychain is added. Go to hex-editor of your choice and copy the master key from the SystemKey. Click Is the master key? and paste the key. Click Analysis to run decryption process:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1415\" src=\"https:\/\/www.digitalforensicscorp.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/System_keychain_decrypted.png\" alt=\"System_keychain_decrypted\" width=\"1136\" height=\"734\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.digitalforensics.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/System_keychain_decrypted.png 1136w, https:\/\/www.digitalforensics.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/System_keychain_decrypted-300x194.png 300w, https:\/\/www.digitalforensics.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/System_keychain_decrypted-768x496.png 768w, https:\/\/www.digitalforensics.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/System_keychain_decrypted-1024x662.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.digitalforensics.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/System_keychain_decrypted-512x331.png 512w, https:\/\/www.digitalforensics.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/System_keychain_decrypted-920x594.png 920w, https:\/\/www.digitalforensics.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/System_keychain_decrypted-16x10.png 16w, https:\/\/www.digitalforensics.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/System_keychain_decrypted-32x21.png 32w, https:\/\/www.digitalforensics.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/System_keychain_decrypted-28x18.png 28w, https:\/\/www.digitalforensics.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/System_keychain_decrypted-56x36.png 56w, https:\/\/www.digitalforensics.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/System_keychain_decrypted-64x41.png 64w, https:\/\/www.digitalforensics.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/System_keychain_decrypted-184x120.png 184w, https:\/\/www.digitalforensics.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/System_keychain_decrypted-1000x646.png 1000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1136px) 100vw, 1136px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Figure 2. System keychain decryption process<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">When the process is finished, you will see the results in Tables pane:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1416\" src=\"https:\/\/www.digitalforensicscorp.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/results_keychain_decryption.png\" alt=\"results_keychain_decryption\" width=\"219\" height=\"197\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.digitalforensics.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/results_keychain_decryption.png 219w, https:\/\/www.digitalforensics.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/results_keychain_decryption-16x14.png 16w, https:\/\/www.digitalforensics.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/results_keychain_decryption-32x29.png 32w, https:\/\/www.digitalforensics.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/results_keychain_decryption-28x25.png 28w, https:\/\/www.digitalforensics.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/results_keychain_decryption-56x50.png 56w, https:\/\/www.digitalforensics.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/results_keychain_decryption-64x58.png 64w, https:\/\/www.digitalforensics.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/results_keychain_decryption-68x60.png 68w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 219px) 100vw, 219px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">As you can see, we got 48 records about\u00a0wireless access points the user was connected to, including timestamps, of course.<\/p>\n<h2>About the authors:<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/linkedin.com\/in\/igormikhaylovcf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Igor Mikhaylov<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Interests: Computer, Cell Phone &amp; Chip-Off Forensics<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/oleg-skulkin-96652a87\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Oleg Skulkin<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Interests: iOS forensics, Android forensics, Mac OS X forensics, Windows forensics, Linux forensics<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"As you know, OS X Keychain system consists of three files: system keychain\u00a0(\/Library\/Keychain\/System.keychain), user keychain (~\/Library\/Keychain\/login.keychain) and iCloud&hellip;","protected":false},"author":126,"featured_media":1417,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"csco_display_header_overlay":false,"csco_singular_sidebar":"","csco_page_header_type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-1413","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-software","8":"cs-entry"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.6 (Yoast SEO v27.5) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>OS X System Keychain Forensic Analysis<\/title>\n<meta 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