{"id":808,"date":"2016-05-17T14:01:27","date_gmt":"2016-05-17T14:01:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.digitalforensicscorp.com\/blog\/?p=808"},"modified":"2024-12-11T19:19:40","modified_gmt":"2024-12-11T19:19:40","slug":"linux-memory-forensic-acquisition","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.digitalforensics.com\/blog\/software\/linux-memory-forensic-acquisition\/","title":{"rendered":"Linux Memory Forensics: Acquiring RAM with LiME"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>With release of such tools as Volatility, acquiring RAM images becomes really useful. <!--more-->We already talked about <a href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalforensicscorp.com\/blog\/how-to-capture-memory-dumps-with-live-ram-capturer\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Windows memory acquisitions with Belkasoft Ram Capturer<\/a>, but today we&#8217;ll show you how to acquire Linux memory with\u00a0The Linux Memory Extractor (LiME).<\/p>\n<p>Let&#8217;s start from downloading the tool. You can use <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/504ensicsLabs\/LiME\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">this link<\/a> to do it. Of course, you MUSTN&#8217;T do it on the subject system, use your Linux forensic workstation.<\/p>\n<p>Now we should build LiME according to the subject system&#8217;s kernel version. How to get its kernel version? It&#8217;s easy &#8211; use the following terminal command:<\/p>\n<p><em>uname -a<\/em><\/p>\n<p>In our case the kernel version is &#8220;3.5.0-23-generic&#8221;:<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-813\" src=\"https:\/\/www.digitalforensicscorp.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/linux_memory_forensics.png\" alt=\"linux_memory_forensics\" width=\"724\" height=\"463\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.digitalforensics.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/linux_memory_forensics.png 724w, https:\/\/www.digitalforensics.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/linux_memory_forensics-300x192.png 300w, https:\/\/www.digitalforensics.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/linux_memory_forensics-512x327.png 512w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 724px) 100vw, 724px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>OK, we are ready to build LiME. Unzip the archive you downloaded, in our case it&#8217;s LiME-master.zip. Now change directory to LiME-master\/src. Use the following command:<\/p>\n<p><em>make -C \/lib\/modules\/3.5.0-23-generic\/build M=$PWD<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Here is the command&#8217;s output:<\/p>\n<p><em>make: Entering directory `\/usr\/src\/linux-headers-3.5.0-23-generic&#8217;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a0 LD\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \/home\/olly\/Desktop\/LiME-master\/src\/built-in.o<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a0 CC [M] \u00a0\/home\/olly\/Desktop\/LiME-master\/src\/tcp.o<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a0 CC [M]\u00a0 \/home\/olly\/Desktop\/LiME-master\/src\/disk.o<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a0 CC [M]\u00a0 \/home\/olly\/Desktop\/LiME-master\/src\/main.o<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a0 LD [M]\u00a0 \/home\/olly\/Desktop\/LiME-master\/src\/lime.o<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a0 Building modules, stage 2.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a0 MODPOST 1 modules<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a0 CC\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \/home\/olly\/Desktop\/LiME-master\/src\/lime.mod.o<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a0 LD [M]\u00a0 \/home\/olly\/Desktop\/LiME-master\/src\/lime.ko<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>make: Leaving directory `\/usr\/src\/linux-headers-3.5.0-23-generic&#8217;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Now we have lime.ko file in the src directory. It&#8217;s highly recommended to add the kernel version to file&#8217;s\u00a0name, in our case &#8211; lime-3.5.0-23-generic.ko, and add it to your LiME kernel modules collection for future use.<\/p>\n<p>OK, let&#8217;s use our kernel module to dump RAM. LiME supports three types of image formats: raw, padded and LiME. The authors of the Volatility memory analysis framework recommend LiME format, so we will use it in our example. Let&#8217;s start from copying our kernel module (lime-3.5.0-23-generic.ko) to the IR thumb drive. Make sure there is enough space on the drive to store memory dump!<\/p>\n<p>Plug it to the subject Linux machine mount it (usually it&#8217;s mounted automatically on modern Linux systems). In our case it&#8217;s mounted on \/media\/Forensics.<\/p>\n<p>Open the terminal and change directory to your drive. Now use the following command:<\/p>\n<p><em>sudo insmod lime-3.5.0-23-generic.ko path=\/media\/Forensics\/ram.lime format=lime<\/em><\/p>\n<p>That&#8217;s it, now we have a Linux memory image on our thumb drive:<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-810\" src=\"https:\/\/www.digitalforensicscorp.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/linux_memory_forensic_acquisition.png\" alt=\"linux_memory_forensic_acquisition\" width=\"102\" height=\"78\" \/><\/p>\n<p>This image can be analyzed with\u00a0the Volatility memory analysis framework, for example. Next time we&#8217;ll show you how to do it. Keep reading us!<\/p>\n<h2>About the authors:<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/linkedin.com\/in\/igormikhaylovcf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Igor Mikhaylov<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Interests: Computer, Cell Phone &amp; Chip-Off Forensics<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/oleg-skulkin-96652a87\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Oleg Skulkin<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Interests: iOS forensics, Android forensics, Mac OS X forensics, Windows forensics, Linux forensics<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"With release of such tools as Volatility, acquiring RAM images becomes really useful.","protected":false},"author":126,"featured_media":255,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"csco_display_header_overlay":false,"csco_singular_sidebar":"","csco_page_header_type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-808","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-software","8":"cs-entry"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.6 (Yoast SEO v27.5) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Linux Memory Acquisition: LiME Forensic Guide for RAM Imaging<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Master Linux memory forensics. Learn to build and deploy the Linux Memory Extractor (LiME) to acquire forensically sound RAM images for Volatility 3 analysis.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digitalforensics.com\/blog\/software\/linux-memory-forensic-acquisition\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Linux Memory Forensics: Acquiring RAM with LiME\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Master Linux memory forensics. Learn to build and deploy the Linux Memory Extractor (LiME) to acquire forensically sound RAM images for Volatility 3 analysis.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.digitalforensics.com\/blog\/software\/linux-memory-forensic-acquisition\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Resources for Sextortion and Online Blackmail Victims\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/DigitalForensicsCorp\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2016-05-17T14:01:27+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-12-11T19:19:40+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.digitalforensics.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/weare4n6_articles.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"600\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"400\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Viktor Sobiecki\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@ForensicsCorp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@ForensicsCorp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Viktor Sobiecki\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.digitalforensics.com\\\/blog\\\/software\\\/linux-memory-forensic-acquisition\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.digitalforensics.com\\\/blog\\\/software\\\/linux-memory-forensic-acquisition\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Viktor Sobiecki\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.digitalforensics.com\\\/blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/db7b63895c111dc8ed48df38d20b84ce\"},\"headline\":\"Linux Memory Forensics: Acquiring RAM with LiME\",\"datePublished\":\"2016-05-17T14:01:27+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-12-11T19:19:40+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.digitalforensics.com\\\/blog\\\/software\\\/linux-memory-forensic-acquisition\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":464,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.digitalforensics.com\\\/blog\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.digitalforensics.com\\\/blog\\\/software\\\/linux-memory-forensic-acquisition\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.digitalforensics.com\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2016\\\/02\\\/weare4n6_articles.png\",\"articleSection\":[\"Cybersecurity Tips, Services, and Key Resources for Cybercrime Victims\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.digitalforensics.com\\\/blog\\\/software\\\/linux-memory-forensic-acquisition\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.digitalforensics.com\\\/blog\\\/software\\\/linux-memory-forensic-acquisition\\\/\",\"name\":\"Linux Memory Acquisition: LiME Forensic Guide for RAM Imaging\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.digitalforensics.com\\\/blog\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.digitalforensics.com\\\/blog\\\/software\\\/linux-memory-forensic-acquisition\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.digitalforensics.com\\\/blog\\\/software\\\/linux-memory-forensic-acquisition\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.digitalforensics.com\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2016\\\/02\\\/weare4n6_articles.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2016-05-17T14:01:27+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-12-11T19:19:40+00:00\",\"description\":\"Master Linux memory forensics. 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